Graphical thermodynamics

Graphical Abstracts

A review of quantum thermodynamics

In this article, we present a brief and elementary review of quantum thermodynamics and its achievements and challenges. This review includes an introduction to some fundamental concepts such as internal energy, heat, work, entropy, entropy production, thermal equilibrium, second law of quantum thermodynamics, relation between thermodynamics and information theory, as well as a discussion of ho...

A Graphical Characterization for SPAP-Rings

Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $I$ an ideal of $R$. The zero-divisor graph of $R$ with respect to $I$, denoted by $Gamma_I(R)$, is the simple graph whose vertex set is ${x in Rsetminus I mid xy in I$, for some $y in Rsetminus I}$, with two distinct vertices $x$ and $y$ are adjacent if and only if $xy in I$. In this paper, we state a relation between zero-divisor graph of $R$ with respec...

Graphical representation in graphical dialogue

This paper explores the influence of communicative interaction on the form of graphical representations. A referential communication task is described which involves exclusively graphical dialogue. In this task subjects communicate about pieces of music by drawing. The drawings produced fall into two basic types: Abstract and Figurative. Three hypotheses are developed about the factors influenc...

Granular Thermodynamics

We present experimental evidence for a strong analogy between quasi-2D uniform non-equilibrium steady states (NESS) of excited granular materials and equilibrium thermodynamics. Under isochoric conditions we find that the structure of granular NESS, as measured by the radial distribution function, the bond order parameter, and the distribution of Voronoi cells, is the same as that found in equi...